National Health Insurance Plan In The Philippines
The American concept of Invisible EFL and visions in the Middle East
Introduction:
In this paper we discuss the phenomenon of the use of native speakers of English in the Middle East, particularly in the context UAE of EFL in primary schools. In this discussion I will examine the reasons beyond this phenomenon. I will also examine the attitudes of teachers Aboriginal academic and non-native English, as well as parents of students' attitudes. Furthermore, I will link to imperialism communication "(Phillipson, 2006) and the role of media in the context of EFL in the Middle East. Due to the nature of my role, a reflection self "(Pennycook, 2001: p. 1) and the experience of other countries are required to be present.
ELT in UAE has witnessed an extraordinary revolution in the past six years. My interest in this subject arises from the simultaneity with the emergence of a new type of schools that are replacing Gradually, public colleges in the UAE. This type is called (schools Al-Ghad), which literally means "school of tomorrow" in Arabic. Indicated clearly the main purpose of these schools is to produce more sophisticated, moderate competitive and students. The vision of the Ministry of Education and Youth in the United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates for what it says is "to have a new generation that is more capable of the English language and vocabulary and grammar, "IE" we need a generation who speak English as it is their mother tongue, in order to achieve this, teachers who "have a better control of the flow, idiomatically correct language forms are better informed about the cultural connotations of the language "(Braine, 1999: p. XIV) are mandatory. To make this living vision, a large number of native speakers of English has been introduced from areas such as North America, Great Britain, New Zealand and Australia who claim ownership of English "(Canagarajah, 1999: p.79). In addition, to support this point of view, some authoritative sources in the Government argues that this new teaching method is the best teacher of English, which enables students acquire language very simple problems. Schütz (2007) cites (1987) See Krashen that language acquisition requires significant interaction in the target language (natural communication) Therefore, language acquisition does not require the extensive use of consciousness rules of grammar that students grow up learning the language because it's something very natural in your life, without an effort, especially in the early stages of his life. In addition, Boyle (1997) shows that language teachers of a number of advantages over teacher non-native speakers, because (in English) from the birth and development through his life as the main language that was used in his life (b) complexities of grammar are learned by instinct and can be used with speed and safety (c) English language is related to other native speakers of English as natural in its social context, so that he / she uses the language of all time as the dominant language, it is preferable to use native English teachers to teach their mother tongue. Moreover, McNeill (1994) in their study on the characteristics of teachers and non-Aboriginal mother tongue English argues that teachers have the advantage when it comes to the vocabulary needs of students. It should be noted here that the government is replacing non-native speaker teachers with native English teachers gradually to offer its students the opportunity to hold discussions with teachers in English and only English.
In addition, Al-segair (2007) who works as a teacher in a university prestigious Middle East shows that in his research on language teachers Middle East, I discovered that some of them used to work as trainers dog back to Chicago "(para. 2). He noted that some teachers were" a group of former employees society and some have worked in Western embassies "(paragraph 2) that does not work as teachers before. Al-segair thus explains that because you are a native speaker of a language that qualifies you to teach! Learning a language requires "skills, competition, training and knowledge "(paragraph 3). Go farther on this issue, Al-Osaimi (2007) shows that some schools do not bother hiring qualified teachers English, however, parents are often more impressed by the teachers where we come from and the fact that her accent sounds more "American or British considered sufficient to convince them they are the best teachers to teach their children, regardless of what they have qualifications or experience. These criteria, I wondered why that thought is dominant in the region.
America and its policies play an important role in all this. The principle of America that "the current educational systems in place in the Muslim world have been partly responsible for motivating terrorist attacks against the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. In June 2002 (Karmani, 2005: p.262), which, to change their attitude toward Western culture and America, a new concept must be replaced by what is described as "a combination of intolerance, ignorance, anti-Semitic, anti-American and anti-Western views "(Karmani, 2005: p.262) through the use of language teachers as a means to implement this project. When you import teachers native English of what Kachru calls "country within circle (Kachru & Nelson, 1996: p. 78) with Western beliefs and values, a new generation the result would be Americanized total. In the words colonialism simple, educational or mind and linguistic imperialism "(Phillipson, 2006: p. 346) are the main objectives of the invasion of native speakers of the Middle East.
Looking for your safety expected to:
Handley (2004) mentions that in the late 1700s, America was surrounded by great powers Europe, the United States was "a military and economic disadvantage" (Hadley, 2004). Therefore, to build a strong nation superpower, America must expand its borders through negotiation or war. U.S. citizens have been convinced that the world and security American National still in danger, then, to protect the world and the United States, a country that threatened us should be attacked. In addition, "no expansion involves the possibility of defeat "so" insecurity of America has been an important invasions in Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the Philippines "(Hadley, 2004) in the past. Other systems such fears are U.S. Initiative strategic defense (SDI), which was proposed by U.S. President Roland Reagan March 23, 1983. The main objective of this proposal is illustrated by Wikipedia "for the use of land and space-based systems to protect America against an attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles. "This proposal is the popular name of" Star Wars "in 1977, after the film by George Lucas. According to Handley, the Star Wars program is a continuing need for the United States in search of its national security "For the time extend its borders in space "(Handley, 2004 Mauk and Oakland City, 154), on the other hand, the recent invasions in Iraq and Afghanistan made by a large number Americans were convinced that the United States had national security is threatened. Therefore, to ensure that no threats to the security of the United States in the future, a new form of domination and control must take place in areas such as East Asia, Africa and the Middle East not only military but also the media and the academic profession.
The role of media in the Middle East Media:
No one can deny the role played by media around the world. U.S. tries to impose their policies and ideologies in the Middle East either by using force or not. To dominate the region, believes Americans should be encouraged in the region. Phillipson (2006) argues that development of communication networks is a basic relationship to the emergence of a new world order. It should be noted that the communication " multiplying movement organized and structured by networks of interconnections "(p. 352). Therefore, in order to dominate a particular country and culture, should control their media and what people in their homes. A controversial television network as a group (Middle East Broadcasting Center MBC) and Alhurra (meaning "free" in Arabic) emerged in the Middle East and spend most minds in the Middle East and households. These channels can be regarded by some as a means of disseminating American plans and principles of the region by other means next to tanks and rockets. Alhurra is a language satellite television without advertising for the Arab Middle East operated and funded by the United States of America. This channel is financed by taxes the people of the United States through the Broadcasting Board of Governors and the U.S. Congress. Many critics argue that the Arab political breakfast this channel changing views of Arabs and Muslims worldwide to the west and America, showing the games Football, explaining the different dimensions of baseball and acetic documentary to air on the "fence" in Palestine, with the dose of fashion. Alhurra in his official website says:
"We are mainly devoted to news and information. In addition to reports on developments regional and international, the channel broadcasts talk shows, news magazines and features a variety of topics, including health and fitness, recreation, sports, fashion and science and technology "(Official Site The Alhurra.)
Give me a break! To facilitate the work TESOLers "that came from the inner circle countries, anesthesia Middle Eastern hearts and minds to make people accept these teachers with a positive attitude and a smile on their faces. People in the Middle East should be convinced that not proficient enough to teach English, so that teachers their native language is English must take over and teach English for the benefit of his own son. As Phillipson (2006) the media is not only organize production on a new scale and strength of a new structure adequate for the global space, but also energy inherent in its justification, as "product, organizes and is organized to speak and speak and authority" (p. 352). Why pay lot of money to finance my channel Alhurra Arabic, and when I can not make money from it. Alhurra on its website that "Alhurra is operated by the non-profit corporation, The Middle East Broadcasting Networks, Inc (MBN) "(official site Alhurra). The antenna contains more than 300 Arab satellite channels free entertainment that can be accessed from anywhere in the Arab Middle East, with more than six news channels like Al Jazeera, CNN and the BBC. By Therefore, the objective of these chains is that the U.S. can trade with money from its citizens and their safety in the future dominating and leading young Arabs' minds and beliefs about their own interests, through "an Arabic purely American" channel. The other case is the group that the MBC channel "has started in London, the first satellite, free-to-air multi-channel media group of its kind in the world Arabic (official site of the MBC). Al-Arabiya (: the "Arabian Canal" in Arabic) is a 6 channel MBC TNT specialized news and news. The reason the appearance of channels has been reported by the work people have to have a thought Democratic control Aljazeera (a string of new Arabic) and anti-democratic tendencies. Al-Jazeera has been described by many Western politicians as an anti-American bias, we need a Canal against any anti-American thought in the Eastern Region East. According to Ryan (2005), Donald Rumsfeld, accused the station of persuading people that the United States is an occupation force in Iraq, describing it as a lie! In contrast, expansion in Iraq was "accomplished freedom, growth economic, education and democracy to people who have suffered years of oppression and mismanagement "(Hadley, 2004 city aid for Iraq). Accordingly, the United States is trying to Americanize the Arab society in the same way that it Americanized society Japanese after the Second World War. Therefore, the road will be paved by native speakers of English when they come to teach "values West.
The world of TESOL and English teacher native:
To impose ideologies U.S. Middle East, America works very well promoted for teachers of English mother tongue, with the promise of "good wages and an adventure exotic foreign "(Hadley 2004). According to Mr. Hadley, many researchers and Crystal Troike linked the expansion of the former empire expansion TESOL British and American contemporary. In addition, native English teachers to serve as "part of the education aid package exported to countries in America South, South Asia, Africa and Middle East "(Hadley, 2004) works as the colonial administrators. Handley said in his article that the EFL teachers to become Edge an army that meets academic and intellectual conflict occupies a rule Anglophonic language areas:
"… It is now we can see the EFL teachers, as a second wave of Imperial soldiers. Before the armored divisions were withdrawn from the town limits, while the solder are still patrolling the streets, English teachers will provide the policies that the tanks were sent to enforce. And if, and which I teach EFL, I am part of this general system "(Hadley, 2004 cited on the edge, 10)
Karmani (2005) argued that the pressure has been extraordinary on Muslim governments to reform their curricula. A very interesting article by Glasser (2003) employed The Washington Post shows that many Arab Gulf countries redesign their schools and put English on Islam, to make way for more hours during English in Islamic studies and Arabs have been reduced. A new material for teachers of English mother tongue was at school in the United Arab Emirates to teach students from an early age. What is interesting is that native speakers are trained as experts in countries that do not require preparation or training. They are the textbook design, followed by non-native speaker teachers, and decide who should stay and who should not remain in school. However, policies Americans have done in this country. Nearly all teachers believe that non-native speakers native speakers are better than non-native speaker teachers in English and this system is the best to teach students the language, even if have the necessary qualifications, because it is your mother tongue. This belief creates negative than positive results. In the schools of this world full racial discrimination in employment opportunities, remuneration and respect has developed. President of non-native teachers no longer trust parents and pupils of him. The salary of teachers whose mother tongue is equal to twice the native speaker teacher, as a condition of importation of these teachers. They must be equipped with luxury amenities, complimentary transportation and first class airline tickets each year to motherland. Of course, these conditions have been established by the U.S. government to ensure that their citizens are treated well. These conditions are imposed against the will of governments in the Middle East. The irony is that even if you have a passport or an American citizen inside the country and who are not white or were originally from an Arab country, perhaps not this setup! In some cases, the contract could be canceled, even after signing the contract, if his original identity was discovered.
Conclusion
To achieve maximum domination over the Middle East and ensure that there are anti-US bases exist in the region. In addition, to ensure what happened on September 11, 2001 will not recur, an American political equation should be applied, first, by filing the power to impose. Second, the programming of young minds and their perspectives on what the United States, "said" is correct. Third instead, teach your child what is against the United States is against you in the classroom. It is no coincidence that the emergence of (Al-Ghad) schools was after only one year after the tragic events of September 11, 2001. It is no accident that the reform projects applied study after September 11, 2001. It is no coincidence that channels like Al-Arabiya and Alhurra had lunch after the events of September 11, 2001, they are now based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. However, no one can disagree that the Middle East need of skilled workers and experienced teachers from developed countries like the United States and Great Britain, but a direct control of employees must be made by the countries of Middle East experts headed and pay their salaries for their money for a defined objective. According to Campos (2005) is a native speaker of English works Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Together, teachers must be recruited on the basis of their qualifications to work in an atmosphere of harmony and respect, without fear of discrimination or unfair dismissal, because of their ethnic origin, whether native or non-native English speaking teachers.
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Reference:
Alhurra, 2005, "The" we ". Available at: http://www.alhurra.com/sub.aspx?id=266 [Accessed June 12, 2008]
Al-Osaimi, N., 2007. Not always qualified teachers in English [online]. Arab News. Available at: http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1 § ion = 0 & article = 104142 & D = 30 & m = 11 & y = 2007. [Accessed 17 May 2008]
Al-Segair, K., 2007. Only native English teachers as [Online]. Arab News. Available at:
http://www.arabnews.com/?page=13 § ion = 0 & article = 101526 and d = 22 & m = 9 & y = 2007. [Accessed 17 May 2008]
Boyle, J., 1997. "Teachers native English speakers in Hong Kong. Language and Education, Vol. 11, No. 3
Braine, G. 1999 Introduction in G. Braine (Ed), a native of education not
Teaching of English, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum,
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Canagarajah, AS, 1999, questioning people "Speaker" Fallacy:
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Teachers English Language Teaching, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence
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Campos, M., 2005. If Students can learn what is the best teacher, why employers can not do? [Online]. Guardian Weekly. Available at:
Students can learn http://www.guardian.co.uk/If which is the best teacher, why not EducationGuardian_co_uk.mht TEFL employers. [Accessed 16 May 2008]
Glasser, B., 2003. Qatar reshapes its schools, putting Islam in English [en line] more. Washington Post Foreign Service. Available at:
http://www.english.education.gov.qa/files/886_WPOST.pdf. [Accessed 16 May 2008]
Hadley, G., 2004, "ELT and the New World Order: nation-building or reconstruction again? 'In TESOL Islamia, Niigata University Studies and International Information. Available in: http:/tesolislamia.org/articles.html [AAccess June 11, 2008]
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MBC Group, 2008, "About the Group MBC. Available at: http://www.mbc.net/about-mbc-en/ [Accessed 12 June 2008]
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About the Author
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